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Twelve Olympian Gods
The ancient Greeks had many gods and goddesses, but usually spoke of the twelve Olympians who ruled as an oligarchy from their thrones on Mt. Olympus. Originally these were:
1. Zeus - King of the gods, god of sky, thunderbolts, justice
2. Hera - His wife, goddess of marriage
3. Poseidon - God of the sea, also earthquakes and horses
4. Aphrodite - Goddess of beauty
5. Demeter - Goddess of grain and crops
6. Athena - Goddess of wisdom, war (especially tactics, strategy), crafts, weaving
7. Apollo - God of light, logic, music, prophecy, and medicine; later often confused with Helios the sun-god
8. Artemis - Virgin goddess of the hunt, wild animals, young creatures and children, childbirth; later often confused with Selene the moon-goddess
9. Ares - God of war (especially the violence and slaughter of war)
10. Hermes - God of thieves, travel, commerce, the market; also the messenger of the gods and guide to the dead
11. Hephaistos - Lame god of the forge, the blacksmith god 12. Originally Hestia, the goddess of hearth and home; according to tradition she gave up her seat to Dionysos, god of wine, whose ecstatic rites promised a happy afterlife to initiates. Note that Hades was never Olympian despite being Zeus' brother. That's the problem with the graveyard shift. Seriously, most ancient cultures have taboos about death and contamination, and it was apparently seen as incongruous for the god of the underworld to live on the heights of heaven. |
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May, 2012
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